Since 1918, the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction has attempted something quietly audacious: naming, each year, a single work of fiction by an American author, preferably one dealing with American life. The result is less a list of perfect books than a running argument about what American fiction is for, taking in undisputed landmarks like The Grapes of Wrath, Beloved and To Kill a Mockingbird alongside forgotten winners, controversial choices and the occasional year when the board, notoriously, awarded nothing at all. Read in sequence, the winners form an accidental history of the United States itself: its wars, migrations, families and reinventions, told one novel at a time. Whether you're chasing the canon or hunting for the overlooked gems between the giants, this list is one of the great structured reading projects in American literature.

Tales of the South Pacific
James A. Michener

Guard of Honor
James Gould Cozzens

The Way West
Alfred Bertram Guthrie (Jr.)

The Town
Conrad Richter

The Caine Mutiny
Herman Wouk

A Fable
William Faulkner

Andersonville
MacKinlay Kantor

A Death in the Family
James Agee

The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters
Robert Lewis Taylor

Advise and Consent
Allen Drury
To Kill a Mockingbird
Harper Lee

The Edge of Sadness
Edwin O'Connor

The Reivers
William Faulkner

The Keepers of the House
Grau, Shirley Ann

The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter
Porter, Katherine Anne

The Fixer
Bernard Malamud

The Confessions of Nat Turner
Turner, Nat

House Made of Dawn
N. Scott Momaday

The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford
Jean Stafford

Angle of Repose
Wallace Stegner

The Optimist's Daughter
Eudora Welty

The Killer Angels
Michael Shaara

Humboldt's Gift
Saul Bellow

Elbow Room
James Alan McPherson

The Stories of John Cheever
John Cheever

The Executioner's Song
Norman Mailer

A Confederacy of Dunces
John Kennedy Toole

Rabbit Is Rich
John Updike

The Colour Purple
Alice Walker

Ironweed
William Kennedy

Foreign Affairs
Alison Lurie

Lonesome Dove
Larry McMurtry

A Summons to Memphis
Peter Taylor

Beloved
Toni Morrison

Breathing Lessons
Anne Tyler

The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love
Oscar Hijuelos

Rabbit at Rest
John Updike

A Thousand Acres
Jane Smiley

A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain
Robert Olen Butler

The Shipping News
Annie Proulx

The Stone Diaries
Carol Shields

Independence Day
Richard Ford

Martin Dressler The Tale of an American Dreamer
Steven Millhauser

American Pastoral
Philip Roth

The Hours
Michael Cunningham

Interpreter Of Maladies
Jhumpa Lahiri

The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay
Michael Chabon

Empire Falls
Richard Russo

Middlesex
Jeffrey Eugenides

The Known World
Edward P. Jones

Gilead
Marilynne Robinson

March
Geraldine Brooks

The Road
Cormac McCarthy

The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao
Junot Díaz

Olive Kitteridge
Elizabeth Strout

Tinkers
Paul Harding

A Visit from the Goon Squad
Jennifer Egan

The Orphan Master's Son
Adam Johnson

The Goldfinch
Donna Tartt

All the Light We Cannot See
Anthony Doerr

The Sympathizer
Viet Thanh Nguyen

The Underground Railroad
Colson Whitehead

Less
Andrew Sean Greer

The Overstory
Richard Powers

The Nickel Boys
Colson Whitehead

The Night Watchman
Louise Erdrich

Trust
Hernan Diaz

Demon Copperhead
Barbara Kingsolver

Night Watch
Jayne Anne Phillips

James
Percival Everett

Angel Down
Daniel Kraus

The Old Man and the Sea
Ernest Hemingway